Fraud & AML Dictionary
A-B
- Account Freezing Order (AFO)
- Account Monitoring Order (AMO)
- Account Takeover (ATO) Fraud
- Accounting and Corporate Regulatory Authority (ACRA)
- Address Verification Service (AVS)
- Advance Fee Fraud (AFF)
- Affiliate Fraud
- Alert Backlog
- Alert Management
- Alert Scoring
- Alternative Investment Market (AIM)
- Alternative Remittance System (ARS)
- AML Risk Assessment
- Anti-Bribery & Corruption (ABC)
- Anti-Financial Crime (AFC)
- Anti-Money Laundering (AML)
- Anti-Money Laundering Act (AMLA)
- Anti-Money Laundering Council (AMLC)
- Anti-Money Laundering Directive (AMLD)
- Anti-Money Laundering International Database (AMLID)
- Anti-Money Laundering Supervisors Forum (AMLSF)
- Asia/Pacific Group on Money Laundering (APG)
- Asset Blocking
- Asset Confiscation
- Asset Finance
- Asset Flight (in AML)
- Asset Forfeiture (in AML)
- Asset Freezing (in AML)
- Asset Mingling (in AML)
- Asset Protection (in AML)
- Asset Protection Trusts (APTs)
- Asset Seizure
- Asset Structuring
- Auction Fraud
- Australia: Suspicious Matter Report
- Authorised Depository Institution (ADI)
- Authorised Push Payment (APP) Fraud
- Automated Clearing House (ACH)
- Automated Clearing House (ACH) Fraud
- Automated Screening Tool (AST)
- Autonomous Sanctions
- Back-to-Back Letters of Credit
- BACS: Bankers’ Automated Clearing System
- BaFin: Federal Financial Supervisory Authority
- Bank Secrecy
- Bank Secrecy Act (BSA)
- Basel AML Index
- Basel III
- Batch Processing (in AML)
- Batch Screening
- Bearer Form
- Bearer Negotiable Instruments
- Bearer Share
- Behavioral Biometrics
- Benami Account
- Beneficial Owner (BO)
- Beneficial Ownership Register
- Beneficiary
- Bill of Exchange
- Bill of Lading
- Bill Stuffing
- BIN Attack
- Biometric Verification
- Black Market Peso Exchange (BMPE)
- Black-Box Machine Learning
- Blacklist/Blacklisting
- Block
- Blockade
- Blockchain Analytics
- Bot Fraud
- Boycott
- Bribery Act 2010
- BSA Compliance Program
- Bureau of Industry & Security (BIS)
C-D
- CAMS: Certified Anti-Money Laundering Specialist
- Card Cloning
- Card-Present Fraud
- Caribbean Financial Action Task Force (CFATF)
- Cartels, Gangs, Criminal Organizations
- Casa de Cambio
- Cash Collateralized Loans
- Cash Deposits
- Cash-Intensive Business
- Casinos (including Internet Casinos)
- CDD: Customer Due Diligence
- CEO Fraud
- CFA: Criminal Finances Act 2017
- Chargeback Fraud
- Check Cashing
- Cheque Fraud
- CIP: Customer Identification Program
- Clean Fraud
- Client Screening
- CNP Fraud: Card-Not-Present Fraud
- Collection Accounts
- Commission Rogatoire
- Common Point-of-Purchase (CPP)
- Companies House
- Compliance
- Compliance Audit
- Compliance Governance
- Compliance Monitoring
- Compliance Risk
- Comprehensive Sanctions
- Concentration Account
- Concentration Risk
- Confidentiality
- Confiscation Order
- Consolidation of Goods
- Consumer Fraud
- Corporate Register
- Corporate Screening
- Correspondent Banking
- Counter-Terrorism Act
- Counterfeit Goods
- Counterparty
- Credit Card Fraud
- Credit Card Skimming
- Criminal Law
- Criminal Proceeds
- Cross-Border Payments
- Cross-Border Transactions
- Cryptocurrency
- Cryptocurrency Fraud
- CTO: Chief Technology Officer
- Currency Smuggling
- Currency Transaction Report (CTR)
- Customer Relationship
- Customer Risk Rating
- Customer Screening
- Cyber Fraud
- DAML: Defence Against Money Laundering
- DAO: Decentralized Autonomous Organization
- Data Monitoring
- Data Protection Act 2018
- Data Theft
- Dealing in Foreign Exchange
- Dealing in Funds
- Debit Card
- Decision Tree
- Deepfakes
- Delisting
- Denied Persons List (DPL)
- Designated Categories of Offence
- Designated Non-Financial Businesses & Professions (DNFBPs)
- Dilution of Sanctioned Ownership
- DOJ: United States Department of Justice
- Dollar Clearing
- Domestic Transfer
- Double Dipping
- Dual Control
- Dual-Use Goods
- Due Diligence
E-F
- EAR: Export Administration Regulations
- ECJU: Export Control Joint Unit
- Economic Crime
- Economic Sanctions
- EDD: Enhanced Due Diligence
- EFT: Electronic Funds Transfer
- Egmont Group of Financial Intelligence Units
- EIV: Electronic Identification and Verification
- eKYC: Electronic Know Your Customer
- Electronic Money (E-Money)
- Embargo
- Embezzlement
- Emergency Scam
- Enforcement Action
- EPI: European Payments Initiative
- EU AML Package
- Europol
- EV: Electronic Verification
- Evasion in AML Compliance
- Event-Triggered Monitoring
- Exception
- Exclusions List
- External Evasion
- Extradition
- Extraterritorial Jurisdiction/Reach
- Facilitation
- False Negative
- False Positives
- FATF-Style Regional Bodies (FSRBs)
- FATF: Financial Action Task Force
- FCA: Financial Conduct Authority
- FCPA: Foreign Corrupt Practices Act
- FedNow
- FedRAMP
- FICA: Financial Intelligence Centre Act
- Final Rule Part 504
- Financial Crime
- Financial Penalties
- Financial Sanctions
- FinCEN – Financial Crimes Enforcement Network
- FinTech: Financial Technology
- First Line of Defense
- FIU: Financial Intelligence Unit
- Foreign Sanctions Evader (FSE)
- Forfeiture
- FRAML: Fraud & AML
- Fraud
- Fraud Act 2006
- Fraud Data Consortium
- Fraud Detection in Financial Ecosystems
- Fraud Rules Engine
- Fraudulent Charities
- Free Trade Zone (FTZ)
- Freeze
- Friendly Fraud
- Front Company
- Funds Transfer Fraud
- Fuzzy Logic
- FX: Foreign Exchange
G-H
- Gatekeepers
- GC: Gambling Commission
- GDPR: General Data Protection Regulation
- Geographic Risk
- Glass-Steagall Act
- Global Watchlists
- Governance
- Grantor
- GRC: Governance, Risk & Compliance
- Greylist
- Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)
- Hawala
- High-Risk Customer
- High-Risk Jurisdiction
- High-Risk Sectors
- Hit (Screening Alert)
- HMRC: HM Revenue & Customs
- HMT: HM Treasury
- HNWI: High Net-Worth Individual
- HRC: High-Risk Third Country
- Human Smuggling
- Human Trafficking
I-J
- IBC: International Business Company
- ICO: Information Commissioner’s Office
- ID-Wallet
- ID&V: Identification and Verification
- Identifier
- Identity Theft
- Identity Verification
- IMF: International Monetary Fund
- Imposter Scam
- Informal Value Transfer System (IVTS)
- Information Sharing
- Inherent Risk
- Inheritance Scams
- Insider Fraud
- Insider Trading
- Insolvency Practitioners Association (IPA)
- Insurtech
- Integration (Money Laundering Stage)
- Internal Revenue Service (IRS)
- Investigation
- Investment Fraud
- Invoice Fraud
- Isolation Company
- JMLIT: Joint Money Laundering Intelligence Taskforce
- Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA)
- Joint Money Laundering Steering Group
- Jurisdiction of Citizenship
- Jurisdiction of Residence
K-L
- Kleptocrat
- KYB Software
- KYB: Know Your Business
- KYC Software
- KYC: Know Your Customer
- KYE: Know Your Employee
- KYS: Know Your Supplier
- KYT: Know Your Transaction
- Layering: Money Laundering Stage
- Legal Risk
- Lending & Anti-Money Laundering
- Letter of Credit
- Letter Rogatory
- License
- Link Analysis
- LLC: Limited Liability Company
- LLP: Limited Liability Partnership
- Look-Back Review
- LSAG: Legal Sector Affinity Group
M-N
- Malta Financial Services Authority
- Mandatory Sanctions Lists
- MAR: Market Abuse Regulation
- MAS: Monetary Authority of Singapore
- Media Screening
- MER: Mutual Evaluation Report
- MFA: Multi-Factor Authentication
- Mirror Trades
- ML: Money Laundering
- ML/TF: Money Laundering/Terrorist Financing
- MLCO: Money Laundering Compliance Officer
- MLD: Money Laundering Directive
- MLRO: Money Laundering Reporting Officer
- Monetary Instruments
- Money Laundering Stage: Placement
- Money Mule
- Money Order
- Money Transmission
- MONEYVAL: Committee of Experts on the Evaluation of Anti‑Money Laundering Measures & the Financing of Terrorism
- Monitoring
- MOU: Memorandum of Understanding
- MSB: Money Services Business
- MTO: Money Transfer Operator
- Multi-Accounting (Bonus Abuse)
- Multilateral Sanctions
- Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty
- MVTS: Money Value Transfer Services
- Name Screening
- NCA: National Crime Agency
- Negative News
- Neobank
- Nested Account
- Nesting
- NFT: Non-Fungible Token
- NGO: Non-Governmental Organization
- Nominee Director/Shareholder
- NPCI: National Payments Corporation of India
- NPO: Non-Profit Organization
- NPT: Non-Proliferation Treaty
O-P
- OFAC: Office of Foreign Assets Control
- OFC: Offshore Financial Center
- Offshore Accounts
- Offshore Banking License
- OFSI: Office of Financial Sanctions Implementation
- Omnibus Account
- Ongoing Due Diligence
- Ongoing Monitoring
- Online Gambling Fraud
- Operational Risk
- Originator
- Partial Match (Screening)
- Pass-Through Sanctions Risk
- Payable-Through Account
- Payment Fraud
- Payment Screening
- Payroll Fraud
- PCP: Policies, Controls & Procedures
- PEP: Politically Exposed Person
- PEPSI: Pan-European Payments System Initiative
- PFO: Property Freezing Order
- Phishing
- Physical Presence
- Piggybacking (Fraud)
- POCA: Proceeds of Crime Act 2002
- Ponzi Scheme
- PRA: Prudential Regulation Authority
- Predicate Offense
- Prepaid Cards
- Private Banking
- Private Investment Company (PIC)
- Procurement or Contract Fraud
- Proliferation Financing
- Proof of Address
- Providing or Selling Prepaid Access
- PSC: Person With Significant Control
- PWRA: Practice-Wide Risk Assessment
- Pyramid Scheme
Q-R
- QFCRA: Qatar Financial Centre Regulatory Authority
- RA: Risk Assessment
- Ransomware
- RBA: Risk-Based Approach
- RCA: Relatives & Close Associates
- Real Estate Agents
- Real Estate Brokers
- Reasonable Cause To Suspect
- Red Flag
- Refund Fraud
- RegTech: Regulatory Technology
- Regulatory Agency
- Regulatory Reporting
- Remediation
- Remittance
- Respondent Bank
- Restrictive Measures
- Return Fraud
- Risk Appetite
- Risk-Based Customer Due Diligence
- RiskTech: Risk Technology
- Romance Fraud
- RPA: Robotic Process Automation
- RTGS: Real-Time Gross Settlement System
S-T
- Safe Harbor
- Sanctions
- Sanctions Compliance
- Sanctions Compliance Officer
- Sanctions Evasion
- Sanctions Lists
- Sanctions Regime
- Sanctions Screening
- SAR: Suspicious Activity Report
- Scareware
- SCP: Sanctions Compliance Program
- Screening Tools
- Screening: Target Match
- SDD: Sanctions Due Diligence
- SDD: Simplified Due Diligence
- SDNs: Specially Designated Nationals
- SEC: Securities & Exchange Commission
- Second Line of Defense
- Sectoral Sanctions
- Seizure
- Selective Sanctions
- Senior Foreign Political Figure
- SFO: Serious Fraud Office
- Sham Divestment
- Shelf Company
- Shell Bank
- Shell Company
- SIE: State-Invested Enterprise
- SIPs: Special Interest Persons
- SLP: Scottish Limited Partnership
- SM&CR: Senior Managers & Certification Regime
- Smurfing
- Social Benefits Fraud
- Social Engineering Fraud
- SOE: State-Owned Enterprise
- Source of Funds
- Source of Wealth
- SRA: Solicitors Regulation Authority
- SSI List: Sectoral Sanctions Identification List
- SSN: Social Security Number
- Sting Operation
- STR: Suspicious Transaction Report
- Straw Man
- Straw Purchases
- Structuring
- Subpoena
- Suspicious Activity
- SWIFT Message
- Synthetic ID Fraud
- TACT: Terrorism Act
- Targeted Sanctions
- Two Factor Authentication (2FA)
U-V
W-X
Y-Z